OBSAH

ČLENOVÉ VÝBORU 

STATUT BULLETINU, INSTRUKCE PRO AUTORY A ZADAVATELE REKLAMY 

ÚVODEM 

ZPRÁVA PŘEDSEDY O ČINNOSTI CSEM ZA ROK 2000 

ZÁPIS ZE SCHŮZE VÝBORU CSEM KONANÉ DNE 12. 7. 2000 V BRNĚ 

ZÁPIS ZE SCHŮZE VÝBORU CSEM KONANÉ DNE 29. 11. 2000 V BRNĚ 

ZÁPIS O PRŮBĚHU VALNÉHO SHROMÁŽDĚNÍ CSEM DNE 12. 7. 2000 V BRNĚ 

VÝROČNÉ ZHROMAŽDENIE CSEM 2.- 3. JÚLA 2001 V MARTINE 

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF SOCIETIES FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 

MINUTES OF THE EUROPEAN MICROSCOPY SOCIETY BUSINESS MEETING 

14th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 

CONSTITUTION STATUTES AND BY-LAWS OF THE EUROPEAN MICROSCOPY SOCIETY 

UNIQUE ELECTRON OPTICAL COLUMN OF THE NEW SEM 

KALENDÁŘ VĚDECKÝCH AKCÍ V ROCE 2001 

REGISTRACE A REGISTRAČNÍ LÍSTEK 

The Bulletin of the Czechoslovak Society for Electron Microscopy (CSEM) is an electronical journal available to the registered members of CSEM and other visitors to the CSEM Web pages. It is published under the auspices of the CSEM Committee. The editors are Ludek Frank and Petr Schauer.

The manuscripts of contributions are accepted solely from the registered CSEM members and should be sent to the address:

For the section of original papers we accept shorter original research papers (written in English) from the field of instrumentation or experiment methodology, i.e. fields of interest of the majority of readers. Further we encourage our members to submit book reviews, conferences assessments, review articles on novel instruments, descriptions of laboratory tricks, contributions to the exchange of small technical ideas, and news items expressing offers or demands in the field of non-traditional or difficult analyses.

The authors are asked to send the texts in the MS Word 97 format and the pictures in the GIF or JPEG formats, all as an e-mail attachment to the address above.

We offer the companies the possibility of inserting full screen (half-screen) advertisements at a price of 80 (40) DM for the collective member of CSEM and 100 (50) DM for others. The fully processed picture in the GIF or JPEG formats should be e-mailed to the address above.

Po dlouhé přestávce, kterou jsme vyplnili kongresem a vším, co s ním souviselo, se vracíme k "normálnímu" spolkovému životu. Konečně tedy také vychází další číslo našeho Bulletinu. Tentokrát poprvé v čistě elektronické podobě, na níž jsme se dohodli na Valném shromáždění loni v Brně. Věříme, že budete s touto podobou spokojeni. Také doufáme, že to pomůže učinit Bulletin přinejmenším pravidelnějším. Je samozřejmě nezbytné dostat Bulletin ke všem našim členům. Je to od nás odvážná představa, když si myslíme, že přístup k internetu mají skutečně už všichni? Velmi vás prosíme o pomoc při ověřování tohoto předpokladu, tedy o pomoc při vyhledávání a informování těch našich členů, kteří by snad o nové podobě Bulletinu nevěděli. Mimo jiné rozešleme v krátké době poštovní zásilku s touto informací.

Na poli nadnárodní vědecké "diplomacie" jsou v současnosti pro nás aktuální a zajímavé tři záležitosti. Především jde o letošní 5th Multinational Congress on Electron Microscopy, který se bude konat v Lecce na jihu Itálie ve dnech 20. až 25. září 2001 a jenž tradičně spoluorganizuje šest elektronově mikroskopických společností (Československá, Chorvatská, Italská, Maďarská, Rakouská a Slovinská). Podrobný program zatím nebyl vydán, všechny informace najdete na www.mcem5.unile.it. Výbor by byl samozřejmě velmi potěšen hojnou účastí našich členů. Poněvadž je místo konání dosti daleko, zdá se letecká doprava na místo (do Brindisi) zcela oprávněná. Společnost je nyní v takové finanční situaci, že může na letenku přispět částkou několika tisíc korun (částka podpory bude přirozeně závislá na počtu podpor). Navíc přichází v úvahu pokusit se o organizaci nějakého slevněného letu, např. u cestovní kanceláře Fischer. K tomu účelu je nicméně třeba znát alespoň přibližně míru zájmu. Proto se na vás obracíme s prosbou, abyste nám do 10. března neformálním e-mailem sdělili svůj záměr účastnit se 5. MCEM v Lecce. Po shromáždění informací vám nabídneme podporu a současně se pokusíme vyjednat nějaký "zvláštní" let.

Druhou aktualitou je dokončování vývoje tzv. konstituce Evropské mikroskopické společnosti (EMS). V tomto Bulletinu najdete již třetí verzi, která se stále ještě nachází ve stádiu "připomínkování". V poslední době již v textu dochází jen k malým úpravám a záležitost je zřejmě blízko cíle. Velmi pravděpodobně se CSEM stane jakýmsi kolektivním členem EMS, či spíše zprostředkuje členství v EMS všem svým členům. Všichni společně uvidíme, co nám to přinese. Cítím se za to spoluodpovědný – jako"bývalý organizátor EUREM" jsem byl do výboru EMS kooptován. Nicméně ani sám zatím nevím, jak to bude vypadat. Je zbytečné rozebírat, že všechny spolky, vědecké společnosti nevyjímaje, fungují tak dobře, kolik a jak výkonných mají "tahounů". Evropská úroveň si pak žádá přiměřeně velkou tažnou sílu. Profesor Carrascosa, který začátkem roku převzal předsednictví, se jeví značně aktivní, ale sám na věc samozřejmě stačit nebude. V každém případě jsem přesvědčen, že myšlenka je dobrá, záleží jen na detailech její realizace a ty mohou být v mezinárodním prostředí dosti delikátní. Rozhodující je pochopitelně postoj velkých evropských společností a ten je prozatím nedosti sjednocen. Pro nás je však jedna věc jistá: se svým členským poplatkem 100 Kč ročně nevystačíme. Jen samotný příspěvek do EMS bude 5 Euro za osobu. Pro letošek sumu zaplatíme z výtěžku kongresu, ale již v Lecce bychom se měli dohodnout na zvýšení našeho příspěvku.

Nu a do třetice zase něco pozitivnějšího. V období před EUREM proběhla diskuse mezi Německou společností EM (DGE) a námi o možnosti spojit tradice "Dreiländertagung" a MCEM. Iniciativa vzešla od německých kolegů, jmenovitě od Prof. Roseho, který od začátku roku 2000 převzal předsednictví DGE. Stručně řečeno, byli jsme pozváni, abychom se stali spolupořadatelskou společností "Dreiländertagung". Tuto nabídku náš výbor v korespondenčním hlasování přijal. O záležitosti se dočtete již v naší výroční zprávě za rok 2000 na jiném místě Bulletinu. Poté se záležitost zpomalila a čekalo se na aktivitu z místa konání, tj. z Drážďan. V této chvíli se zdá, že je "ruka v rukávě". Nejlépe asi bude ocitovat pasáž z dopisu prof. Reichelta z přelomu roku (prof. Reichelt, jakožto místopředseda DGE, v současnosti zastupuje prof. Roseho, který pobývá v USA).

"Prof. Harald Rose discussed with you a possible participation of electron microscopists of the Czechoslovak Society for Electron Microscopy (CSEM) at the conference of the DGE in 2003. This conference will take place from 7th to l2th September 2003 in Dresden. The Technical University (TU) of Dresden will kindly provide the new lecture hall centre (Hörsaalzentrum, capacity up to 1500 persons) in the campus area of the TU which offers all state-of-the-art facilities for oral and poster presentations as well as for the exhibition. The local organiser is Prof. Hannes Lichte. It is a pleasant circumstance that the year of this conference will coincide with the 175th anniversary of the TU Dresden.

To improve the contacts with our colleagues from neighbouring countries, the board of the DGE has decided that all written documents, namely the 2-page congress abstracts, posters, the overhead sheets, and the slides have to be in English. Only oral presentations may be given alternatively in English or in German; the use of English is; however, strongly encouraged and will probably be used by almost everyone.

On behalf of the DGE we would like to invite the Czechoslovak Society of EM (as well as the societies of other neighbouring countries, in particular the countries of the Multinational Congress on Electron Microscopy) to participate in and to contribute actively to that conference. The DGE would make the financial planning and cover the financial risk. In all other aspects (scientific contributions, trade exhibition, scientific advisory board) we would offer your society full participation. In particular, the DGE offers participants from your countries an admission fee equal to the fee for DGE-members. This fee will be as moderate as in the past. Although the exact congress fee is not fixed as yet, the fee of our last DGE- conference in Dortmund (5th to l0th September, 1999) may give you an approximate idea:

	Members of DGE:	DM 200
	Non-members:	DM 270
	Students:	DM   80

All fees include the conference banquet. For accommodation hotels of all categories are available. Additionally, accommodation in student hostels will be also available at a rate of about DM 25 per night.

We would like to make the same offer to the countries participating on the Multinational Congress on Electron Microscopy 1999 in Hungary."

Celá záležitost, včetně nabídky na redukovaný konferenční poplatek, byla ještě ověřena v rozhovoru s prof. Reicheltem při jeho nedávné návštěvě v Brně. Nyní tedy čekáme, až nás organizátoři z Drážďan vyzvou k projevům své účasti na organizaci. Neozvou-li se v krátké době, ozveme se my. Tuto záležitost považuji za velmi pozitivní – Drážďany jsou pro nás skutečně velice blízko a spoluúčastí na této akci rozhodně získáme. Samotné pozvání jsem vnímal jako nespornou poctu pro naši společnost.

Na domácí půdě je pro nás letos dominantní (teprve) druhé (obnovené) Výroční shromáždění CSEM v Martině. Na jiném místě tohoto Bulletinu najdete pozvánku a přihlášku. Dovoluji si na vás všechny apelovat, abyste poslali přihlášku včas, a těším se, že se jich shromáždí hodně. Termín konání samozřejmě vychází z nabídky doc. Beleje a na dny 2.-3. 7. byl z konce téhož týdne posunut s ohledem na dva volné dny v ČR. Výsledek se mi však jeví velmi atraktivní: možnost strávit volné dny ve slovenských horách je přece lákavá, není-liž pravda?

Závěrem chci na tomto místě ještě slíbit, že v krátké době vám všem zašleme malou poštovní zásilku obsahující upozornění na elektronický Bulletin, anketní lístek, pomocí něhož chceme, k prospěchu zajisté všeobecnému, vytvořit malou databázi přístrojů na území naší společnosti, a konečně i složenku na členský příspěvek. (Tento příslib zde zveřejňuji proto, aby nás tlačil věc brzy provést.)

Luděk Frank

Rok 2000 byl dozajista vrcholným rokem v dosavadní existenci CSEM. Na týden se společnost stala středem elektronově mikroskopického světa a zdá se, že odlesk této události tak docela nevymizí ani v budoucnosti. Ve dnech 9. až 14. 7. 2000 proběhl v prostorách brněnského Výstaviště a přilehlých hotelů Voroněž a Holiday Inn 12. Evropský kongres o elektronové mikroskopii. Smluvním pořadatelem byla CSEM na základě kontraktu s Mezinárodní federací společností pro elektronovou mikroskopii (IFSEM) a jako spolupořadatele si přibrala Ústav přístrojové techniky AV ČR, který poskytl místnost pro kancelář kongresu.

Nad kongresem převzali záštitu předseda AV ČR prof. Zahradník a primátor města Brna Dr. Duchoň. V zahajovacím půldni byly předány ceny Ernsta Rusky za období 1996-2000 v biologických a fyzikálních vědách. Cenu za fyzikální vědy obdržel Dr. M. Maňkoš (Hayward, USA), odchovanec ÚPT v Brně a člen CSEM, což představuje, s ohledem na vysokou prestiž této evropské ceny, významný úspěch naší společnosti. Úvodní plenární přednášku kongresu o historii elektronové mikroskopie v našich zemích přednesl prof. Delong.

V následujících osmi půldnech kongresu bylo pak nejvýznamnějšími hosty kongresu předneseno osm plenárních přednášek na vybraná témata především z metodologie oboru. Půldny byly dále vyplněny samostatnými symposii zabývajícími se jednotlivými aplikačními obory elektronové i sondové mikroskopie v různých oblastech biologických, medicinských, fyzikálních i společenských věd, a rovněž přístrojovou technikou a metodologií. Celkem se konalo 52 symposií, z nichž každé bylo řízeno dvěma předsedy a naplněno několika pozvanými přednáškami a vybranými ústně přednesenými příspěvky. Součástí symposií byly i posterové sekce. Celkem 481 posterů bylo vystaveno po celou dobu kongresu a diskuse u nich se konala ve vyhrazených časech mimo vlastní symposia (program kongresu probíhal nepřetržitě 12 hodin denně). Program byl dále doplněn 19 firemními prezentacemi ve formě tzv. otevřených laboratoří a 5 půldenními kursy za zvláštní školné. Doprovodnými akcemi byly tři workshopy.

Všechny vědecké příspěvky kongresu od plenárních přednášek až po postery, v celkovém počtu 785, byly shrnuty do čtyřsvazkového sborníku. Tři z těchto svazků vyšly před kongresem a jejich obsah byl rovněž vydán na CD-ROM. Čtvrtý svazek tvoří dodatek vydaný až po kongresu. Sborník o úhrnném objemu 1998 stran vydala CSEM.

Součástí kongresu byla i doprovodná výstava přístrojů a jejich příslušenství a další laboratorní techniky. Ve 43 výstavních stáncích byly vystaveny výrobky 50 firem z celého světa. Celkem bylo na výstavě v provozu 25 elektronových mikroskopů různých typů, což je netradičně velmi vysoké číslo.

Kongresu se zúčastnilo 822 vědeckých účastníků ze 44 zemí, 263 účastníků z průmyslu a dále jednodenní účastníci do celkového počtu 1248 osob.

Bezprostředně po EUREM následoval, jako jeden z doprovodných workshopů, 7. Mezinárodní seminář o optice nabitých částic a přístrojové technice pro fyziku povrchů. CSEM byla v tomto případě spolupořadatelem, hlavním organizátorem byl ÚPT v Brně. Seminář se jako obvykle konal na Skalském dvoře u Bystřice n/P za účasti 40 odborníků z 9 zemí. Poněvadž se tentokrát seminář konal jako doprovodná akce kongresu absorbujícího enormní objem publikační aktivity, bylo upuštěno od vydání sborníku

CSEM se dále aktivně účastnila formování Evropské mikroskopické společnosti jakožto nástupce Evropského výboru IFSEM. V současné době existuje již velmi pokročilá verze konstituce EMS, na základě níž se CSEM zřejmě stane kolektivním členem a bude zprostředkovávat příslušnost k EMS všem svým členům. V té souvislosti bude nutno zvýšit členský příspěvek CSEM. Předseda CSEM se stal členem Výkonného výboru EMS.

Pokroku bylo také dosaženo na poli "vědecké diplomacie" – CSEM byla za velmi výhodných podmínek přizvána jako spolupořádající společnost vysoce prestižní konference Dreilaendertagung, tradičně pořádané mikroskopickými společnostmi Německa, Rakouska a Švýcarska. Toto pozvání CSEM přijala pro akci konanou v roce 2003. Jsou vedena další jednání směřující ke sloučení dvou tradicí středoevropských konferencí (druhou z nich je tzv. Multinational congress on EM, pořádaný šesti EM společnostmi včetně CSEM a po páté konaný v roce 2001 v Lecce v Itálii) do podoby středoevropského kongresu.

Na Valném shromáždění CSEM, konaném u příležitosti EUREM v Brně, byl zvolen nový Výkonný výbor, v němž došlo k obměně pěti členů. Mezi nejdůležitější závěry jednání patří dohodnutý přechod na elektronickou formu Bulletinu CSEM.

19. ledna 2001

RNDr. Luděk Frank, DrSc.
předseda CSEM

Přítomni:
výbor CSEM: Benada, Čiampor, Frank, Furch, Gemperlová, Hozák, Kolařík, Müllerová, Nebesářová, Schauer, Štokrová

Nepřítomni: Novotný

Výbor se na této ustavující schůzi zabýval pouze volbou předsedy, hospodáře a sekretáře CSEM. Hlasování bylo veřejné, hlasovalo všech 10 přítomných členů nového výboru CSEM.

1. Všemi přítomnými bylo odsouhlaseno, že příštím předsedou CSEM bude zástupce Slovenské republiky.
2. Předsedou CSEM byl zvolen Dr. Frank (9 hlasů pro, 1 hlas proti).
3. Místopředsedou CSEM byl zvolen Doc. Čiampor (9 hlasů pro, 1 hlas proti).
4. Hospodářem CSEM byl zvolen Ing. Furch (10 hlasů pro).
5. Sekretářem CSEM byl zvolen Dr. Schauer (9 hlasů pro, 1 hlas proti).

V Brně 12. 7. 2000

Luděk Frank
předseda CSEM

Petr Schauer
sekretář CSEM

Přítomni:
výbor CSEM: Čiampor, Frank, Furch, Kolařík, Müllerová, Schauer, Štokrová
čestní čl. CSEM: Delong

Omluveni: Benada, Gemperlová, Hozák

Nepřítomni: Nebesářová, Novotný

1. Výbor se zabýval především zprávou o 12. Evropském kongresu o elektronové mikroskopii (dále jen EUREM 2000), který se konal 9.- 14. července 2000 v Brně.
    
1. Dr. Frank předložil časopisecké a novinové články o EUREM 2000. Celkem se podařilo zachytit 6 příspěvků v odborných časopisech a 7 příspěvků v denním tisku. Propagace v televizi neodpovídala významu a prestiži EUREM 2000. V hlavních zpravodajských pořadech nebyly zveřejněny žádné příspěvky. Jeden šot byl odvysílán v regionálním vysílání televize Prima a jeden šot v regionálním vysílání České televize. Český rozhlas 1, Radiožurnál odvysílal jeden příspěvek v pořadu Velké malé zprávy a jeden příspěvek v pořadu Heuréka. Český rozhlas 2 uvedl v pořadu Meteor rozhovor s prof. Zahradníkem na téma elektronové mikroskopie a Kongresu. Podrobnosti jsou uvedeny v příloze Mediální odezva na EUREM 2000.
    
2. Dr. Frank přednesl kongresové statistiky. EUREM 2000 se zúčastnilo celkem 1248 osob ze 44 zemí, přičemž bylo prezentováno celkem 785 vědeckých příspěvků. Navíc proběhly 3 satelitní konference a asi 20 kursů (Open Labs), obojí s desítkami dalších vědeckých prezentací. Na výstavě bylo zastoupeno celkem 47 firem ve 43 stáncích na ploše 780 m². Některé podrobnosti jsou uvedeny v příloze "Statistika EUREM 2000". Podrobněji byly analyzovány statistiky:
• Souhrn účastníků dle registračních kategorií
• Souhrn vědeckých účastníků (mimo účastníky z firem) dle zemí.
• Začlenění vědeckých příspěvků.
   
3. Dr. Frank informoval o prodeji a distribuci kongresových sborníků. K prodeji se nabízejí jednak svazky 1 až 3 a CD-ROM (přebytky kongresového nákladu), ale také svazek 4 (dodatek), který obsahuje dodatečné vědecké příspěvky (postery a texty zvaných přednášek dodané po uzávěrce řádných termínů) a příspěvky vítězů Ceny Ernsta Rusky. Tento dodatek obsahuje i seznam vědeckých účastníků s adresami. Svazek 4 je právě v tisku a bude distribuován asi od 10.12.00. Členové výboru CSEM byli vyzváni k dodání adres všech pracovišť kam je vhodné sborníky poslat.
    
4. Dr. Frank podal informaci, že byly dokončeny a vytištěny nástěnné kalendáře EUREM 2000 pro rok 2001 v nákladu 450 ks. Kalendáře budou rozesílány darem těmto lidem:
• Zvaným účastníkům EUREM 2000.
• Členům všech výborů EUREM 2000.
• Členům výborů EMS a IFSEM.
• Členům CSEM.

5. Dr. Frank podal zprávu o vyúčtování EUREM 2000.
• Celkové příjmy od účastníků činily 439 385 USD (17 138,9 tis. Kč - převáděno dle potřeby v průměrném směnném kursu 39,006 Kč/USD). Podpora CSEM činila 132.6 tis. Kč.
• Celkové výdaje činily 17 035,8 tis. Kč.
• Vyúčtování bylo schváleno jednomyslně.
   
2. Dr. Frank požádal o návrhy na projekty pro rok 2001, které budou dotovány ze státních prostředků. Upozornil, že podle nového zákona nelze dotovat konferenční činnost. Z rozsáhlé diskuse vyplynuly tyto návrhy:
1. Příprava a vydávání Bulletinu CSEM.
2. Příspěvek pro EMS (5 € za každého člena, t.j. přibližně 25 tis. Kč)
3. Přednáškový cyklus.
• pracovní výjezdní akce se zvaným přednášejícím.
• pracovní výjezd na renomované zahraniční pracoviště EM
4. Provoz kanceláře CSEM (administrativní síla, organizační činnost, atd.)
5. Refundace při zasedání výboru CSEM
6. Vybudování a údržba informační databáze oboru EM:
• přístrojové vybavení
• personální vybavení
• technické zázemí
• metodické schopnosti
   
3. Doc. Čiampor navrhl pracovní výjezdní akci pro všechny zájemce z řad CSEM. Bude učiněn pokus zorganizovat výjezd na pracoviště elektronové mikroskopie Univerzity Graz. Uvažuje se o použití autobusu na trase Brno - Bratislava - Graz. Asi 50 % finančních nákladů by bylo kryto CSEM, zbytek účastníky. V úvahu připadá varianta bez noclehu, ale i varianta s noclehem buď v Bratislavě nebo v Grazu.
    
4. Výbor se zabýval spoluorganizací a účastí na "5th Multinational Congress On Electron Microscopy" (MCEM 5), který se uskuteční 20. - 25. září 2001, v Lecce, Itálie. V poradním mezinárodním výboru MCEM 5 jsou za CSEM Dr. Frank a Dr. Čiampor. Členové výboru CSEM dostali za úkol distribuovat 1. cirkuláře a plakáty MCEM 5 v okruhu svého působení. Vše potřebné je možné nalézt rovněž na internetu: http://www.mcem5.unile.it/, kde se mohou zájemci o účast předregistrovat. Určitým problémem účasti českých a slovenských zájemců je poměrně velká vzdálenost místa konání, takže se uvažuje o nějaké formě organizování letecké dopravy. V úvahu připadá především sponsorovaný či charterový let některé cestovní kanceláře (například Fišer).
    
5. Bylo projednáváno organizování příštího Valného shromáždění CSEM (poslední bylo organizováno společně s Laboratoří elektronové mikroskopie Parazitologického ústavu AVČR v Českých Budějovicích ve dnech 9. - 10. července 1998). Bylo dohodnuto, že bude znovu vznesen dotaz na doc. Beleje, který již dříve přislíbil organizovat podobné setkání na lékařské fakultě Univerzity Komenského v Martině. Nabízí se i možnost napojit organizování Valného shromáždění CSEM na pořádání slovenské morfologické konference.
    
6. Bylo odsouhlaseno, že zápisy z jednání výboru CSEM budou zveřejňovány na WWW CSEM (http://www.csem.isibrno.cz/meetings.html). Dále bylo dohodnuto, že na WWW stránkách vznikne nová položka 'EVENTS', kde se budou zveřejňovat všechny akce napojené na CSEM (vědecké konference a semináře a podobně).
    
7. Bylo dohodnuto, že v roce 2001 bude provedena přeregistrace všech členů CSEM za účelem získání aktualizovaných osobních údajů členů.
    

Přílohy:
Prezenční listina
Mediální odezva na EUREM 2000 - Seznam příspěvků
Statistika EUREM 2000 - Podrobný přehled

V Brně 30. 11. 2000

Luděk Frank
předseda CSEM

Petr Schauer
sekretář CSEM

Shromáždění se uskutečnilo při příležitosti konání 12. Evropského kongresu o elektronové mikroskopii (EUREM12) v sále A pavilónu E (Business Center v prvním poschodí) brněnského výstaviště. Ve 13:00 hodin shromáždění zahájil předseda CSEM L. Frank. Nebyla přítomna nadpoloviční většina členů CSEM a tak valné shromáždění nebylo na počátku usnášeníschopné, což však vzhledem k předloženému programu jednání nebylo v první části jednání zapotřebí.
 

1. L. Frank přednesl stručnou zprávu o organizaci a průběhu EUREM12. Byly předloženy statistiky Kongresu a bylo provedeno srovnání s předcházejícím EUREM11 v irském Dublinu.
    

2. L. Frank podal stručný přehled o již uskutečněných mezinárodních kongresech MCEM "Multinational Congress on Electron microscopy" a prezentoval pozvánku na 5. Kongres, který bude v italském Lecce 20. až 25. září 2001. Konec kongresu je plánován na neděli, aby mohly být využity levné víkendové letenky. Ubytování je plánováno ve městě a samotný kongres se uskuteční na místní universitě. Konferenční poplatky by měly být menší než 300 DEM. V programu jsou zvažovány dvě sekce (fyzikální a biologická), možná dojde k rozšíření o sekci instrumentální. V nejbližší době bude nutné navrhnout reprezentanty za CSEM (předsedové a zvaní přednášející). CSEM zvažuje využít pro tento kongres charterový let, a to buď z Budapešti (po dohodě s maďarskou společností - je zapotřebí více než 100 účastníků z Maďarska, Slovenska a České republiky), nebo z Brna (popřípadě z jiného města ČR) společně s turisty cestovní kanceláře Fišer.
    

3. L. Frank informoval o rozhovorech s novým předsedou německé EM společnosti (Prof. Harald Rose z Dortmundu) o známé konferenci Dreilaendertagung, spojující SRN, Švýcarsko a Rakousko. V r. 2001 se konference bude konat v Insbrucku a přípravy jsou již v pokročilém stavu. Pro CSEM je však zajímavá konference 2003, která byla naplánována do Drážďan na první týden v září. CSEM (stejně jako italská společnost) dostala nabídku, aby se staly spolupořadateli a rozšířily počet zemí na pět. Vzhledem k tomu, že existuje tradice MCEM konaných ve stejných letech jako Dreilaendertagung a že by od nás nebylo solidní, kdybychom "zradili a šli za lepším", bylo dohodnuto, že se záměr rozšíří i na společnosti maďarskou, slovinskou a chorvatskou, čímž budou obě tradice zcela spojeny. Navržen byl název "Central-Europe Congress on Electron Microscopy", CECEM. Nyní je tento záměr ve stadiu jednání a konzultací.
    

4. L. Frank podal informaci o poslední schůzi zástupců EMS, tzv. Business Meeting, která se konala dne 11.7.2000 v 16:30 hod. na EUREM12 v Brně, v přednáškovém sále C pavilónu E, a jíž se za CSEM zúčastnili Frank a Schauer. Kromě zprávy o organizaci EUREM12 patřila mezi stěžejní body programu volba místa konání příštího EMS kongresu v r. 2004 a návrh změn stanov EMS. Kongres EMS v r. 2004 (pravděpodobný je přechod z původního názvu 13th European Congress on Electron Microscopy - EUREM13 na nový název 13th European Microscopy Congress - EMC13) se uskuteční ve dnech 22. až 27. srpna 2004 v Jeruzalemu, Izrael. Velmi diskutovaným bodem nových stanov EMS je přechod z kolektivního členství (členem jsou doposud mikroskopické společnosti, potažmo jejich členové) na členství individuální. S tím totiž souvisí změna placení členských příspěvků (5 Euro ročně za každou osobu), což je částka velmi nízká pro členy z ekonomicky silných zemí, úměrná pro členy z mnoha ostatních zemí, ale obtížně přijatelná pro členy ze zemí východní Evropy.
    

5. Vzhledem k tomu, že shromáždění bylo po půlhodině svého jednání usnášeníschopné, byla zvolena volební komise (A. Orlová a J. Šmarda) a uskutečnily se tajné volby nového výboru CSEM (hlasovalo 29 přítomných členů CSEM). Původní kandidátka byla dle návrhů přítomných rozšířena o kolegy: R. Novotný, I. Raška, P. Hozák a J. Nebesářová. Do nového výboru CSEM byly zvoleni (v závorce počet hlasů): F. Čiampor (27), L. Frank (26), P. Furch (26), R. Novotný (24), V. Kolařík (23), P. Schauer (22), J. Nebesářová (22), O. Benada (21), J. Gemperlová (18), J. Štokrová (18), I. Müllerová (18), P. Hozák (17).
    

6. Byla vedena diskuze o začlenění různých mikroskopických metod (světelná, tunelová, ..) se závěrem ponechat prozatím dosavadní název i náplň CSEM. Bylo dohodnuto, že později proběhne o názvu a náplni korespondenční hlasování. P. Hozák a R. Janisch nabídli, že uspořádají seminář o světelné mikroskopii.
    

7. V rámci diskuze o písemné prezentaci CSEM byl vysloven závěr, že se posílí prezentace CSEM na Internetu a že Bulletin CSEM bude vydáván v elektronické verzi.

Přílohy:
Prezenční listina
Proposal of 13th European Congress on Electron Microscopy
Zápis z členské schůze EMS (Brno, 11.7.2000, 16:30 - 19:30 hod.)
Kandidátka pro volby členů výboru
Platné volební lístky z tajných voleb
Výsledek sčítání hlasů
 

Brno 26. července 2000
Luděk Frank
 

zapsal: Petr Schauer
 

Vážená kolegyňa, vážený kolega,

na zasadnutí Výboru našej spoločnosti sme oznámili, že nasledujúce Výročné zhromaždenie CSEM sa bude konať v Martine. Dovoľujeme si Vás preto srdečne pozvať do Martina - mesta s bohatými kultúrnymi tradíciami, obkoleseného krásnymi horami a prírodou.

Termín konania kongresu je limitovaný trvaním výučby na JLF UK a podnikateľskými aktivitami študentského domova a jedálne. Záujemcovia, ktorí by chceli prísť včaššie, alebo by chceli zostat dlhšie, prípadne prísť s rodinnými príslušníkmi (využiť dva sviatky v Čechách na pobyt na Slovensku ), budú mať toto na Študentskom domove JLF UK umožnené.

ADRESA NA ZASLANIE PRIHLÁŠOK (AKCEPTUJEME AJ PRIHLÁŠKY E-MAILOM ):
Sekretariát ústavu histológie a embryológie
JLF UK, Malá Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, SR
Tel.: 0842/ 4131531, Fax : 0842/4136770
E-mail : HISTOLOGY@JFMED.UNIBA.SK

TERMÍN ODOSLANIA PRIHLÁŠKY: 15. marec 2001

Doc.MUDr.Kamil Belej,CSc.
vedúci ústavu histológie a embryológie
JLF UK Martin

Priezvisko............................................................ Meno................................................

Pracovisko.....................................................................................................................

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Kontaktná adresa...........................................................................................................

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vlastnoručný podpis

To the Membership and Executive (incoming and outgoing)
From the General Secretary

December 1998

This set of papers comes with my very best wishes for 1999, and with my appreciation for your interaction with IFSEM during 1998.

The letterhead above shows the outgoing Executive Committee. Professor Elmar Zeitler leaves the Executive at the end of the year, as his time as Vice-President expires. IFSEM owes him a debt for his hard work over many years. During his time as Vice-President he undertook many important duties, and most recently in advising with preparations for the Cancun Conference.

Professor Maunsbach leaves the Presidency, to become Vice-President. His term of office has seen IFSEM develop strong activities in South and Latin America, resulting in the very successful Cancun Conference. I thank him for his hard work and for his friendly and helpful cooperation in assisting me in my duties as General Secretary.

Professors Csanady, Fisher and Geuze leave the Committee because their terms have expired. They have served IFSEM well in many ways, and we thank them for their service. ·

Executive Committee 1999-2003

The Cancun Conference
The Cancun Conference was an enormous success, and Professor Yacaman and his team have received the official congratulations of IFSEM, and many unofficial congratulations as well. Many of you will have been in Cancun, and will have enjoyed the Conference both scientifically and socially. When the details of the Conference have been finalised, IFSEM will be provided with a Report, which will be sent to the Membership.

Minutes of the General Assembly
The minutes of the Cancun General Assembly are enclosed. Some of the main points are:

• The IFSEM Executive Committee for 1999-2002 is
  Professors Howie (Britain-President), Maunsbach (Scandinavia - Vice-President), Cockayne (Australia - General Secretary), Shiojiri (Japan), Engel (Switzerland), Carter (USA), Colliex (France), Wisse (Belgium), Egerton (Canada), Yacaman (Mexico), Lichte (Germany)

• The next International E M Conference is to be held in Durban in September, 2002
• The Committee for Inter-American Societies for EM (CIASEM) became a Regional Organisation of IFSEM
• The following countries were admitted as Members of IFSEM : Singapore, Turkey, Slovenia, Croatia, Colombia,
• The following countries were admitted or confirmed as Associate Members of IFSEM : Armenia, Cuba, Ecuador, Latvia, Moldova, Romania

The IFSEM website
You will find the new IFSEM website at http://www.usyd.edu.au/su/emu/ifsem/. It has contact addresses and information about IFSEM, including a calendar of conferences. If you have information you would like added (especially about conferences), please send it to me.

MINUTES OF THE IFSEM GENERAL ASSEMBLY HELD IN CANCUN, MEXICO ON WEDNESDAY 2 SEPTEMBER 1998, FROM 4.00PM.

Present:

IFSEM Executive Committee
Professors A. Maunsbach (President), E. Zeitler (Vice President), D. Cockayne (General Secretary), R. Fisher, A. Engel, M. Shiojiri, M. Yacaman. [Apologies Professors A. Csanady, H. Geuze]

Member Delegates: Professors A Spargo (Australia), W. Geymayer (Austria), D. Van Dyck (Belgium), G.Van Tendeloo (Belgium), E. Haapalainen (Brazil), J. Hutchison (Britain), C. Hawes (Britain), C. Kiely (Britain), G. Harauz (Canada), F. Leggett (Canada), Z. Zhai (China), L. Frank (Czech Rep), R. Portier (France), D. Hernandez-Verdun (France), N. Bonnet (France), B. Jouffrey (France), H. Rose (Germany), B. Tesche (Germany), R. Reichelt (Germany), H. Lichte (Germany), K. Kovacs (Hungary), R. Sperling (Israel), U. Admon (Israel), M. Catalano (Italy), M. Vittori-Antisari (Italy), H. Seguchi (Japan), M. Hibino (Japan), T. Fujimoto (Japan), D Shindo (Japan), J. Ahn (Korea), Jose Reyes-Gasga (Mexico), W. Voorhout (Netherlands), L. Ginsel (Netherlands), K. Goldie (New Zealand), M. Zabel (Poland), E. Yacimov (Russia), E. Rau (Russia), K. Pihakaski-Maunsbach (Scandinavia), E. Olsson (Scandinavia), R. Cross (Southern Africa), J. Carazo (Spain), H . Gross (Switzerland), R. Gotthardt (Switzerland), L. Lim (Taiwan ROC), D. Williams (USA), P. Ingram (USA), R. Anderson (USA), G. Burke (USA), G. Gonzalez (Venezuela).

Associate Member Delegates: Professors M-L Ng (Singapore), C. Craciun (Romania), B Matienco (Moldova), K. Hovnanyan (Armenia), V. Groma (Latvia), O. Milat (Croatia), M Ceh (Slovenia), L. Gomez (Colombia),

Observers: Dr W. Hax (Trade), Professors L. Peng (China), J Gunter (Auditor), E. Wisse (CESM), W. Baumeister (CESM), I. Mullerova (EUREM 2000), G. Solorzano (Brazil).

1. Opening Remarks: The President spoke of Professor Y. Ishida, a member of the Executive Committee, who died while in office. He spoke of the excellent service he had given during his short period on the Committee, especially in the area of fostering young scientists. Professor Ishida had been replaced by Professor M Shiojiri, under the provisions in the Constitution. Professor Shiojiri will serve until 2002.

Professor Maunsbach reported that a very useful meeting had been held between some of the Executive Committee and representatives of the Trade Exhibition earlier in the week, and ongoing meetings and discussions were proposed.

2. Minutes of the General Assembly of 1998
   The Minutes of the General Assembly of IFSEM in Paris in 1994 were accepted as correct.

3. Report on 1998 Conference - Professor Yacaman (Chairman ICEM-14 Organizing Committee) reported on the current state of the Conference. He said that there were 55 participating countries and 57 exhibitions, and approximately 1650 participants. He reported that there were 1735 abstracts, with 629 oral presentations and 1106 poster presentations. The abstracts were divided into general interest and instrumentation (480), materials sciences (687) and biological sciences (551).

4. Appointment of Tellers for Voting Procedures.
   Professors Baumeister and Rose were appointed tellers. The list of official delegates was verified by the General Secretary against the posted list). There were 49 official voting delegates present (out of 55 possible), 2 of them carrying a colleague's vote.

5. IFSEM Constitution.
   A number of proposed changes to the Constitution had been advised

1. Possible change of name. The President outlined some of the benefits and the difficulties of changing the name of the Federation to the International Federation of Societies for Microscopy. He referred to the fact that the acronym IFSEM is well known, that many members had removed the word "electron" from their own Societies' names, and that there are many new areas of microscopy which IFSEM might like to include in its activities. Professor Matienco (Moldova) suggested that "Electron" be replaced by "Light and Electron". Professor Jouffrey (France) said that the name should not be too specific, and that any changes should be gradual. Professor Van Dyck (Belgium) reminded delegates that the topic had been discussed at the General Assembly of 1994, and that action was required. The President advised the Assembly that any change of name would need to be approved by ICSU (the International Council of Scientific Unions). Dr Anderson (USA) suggested that a non-binding indicative vote be taken to assess the mood of the Assembly. This was done, giving a majority of 33 to 8 in favour. On this basis, Professor Williams moved (seconded by Professor Kovacs) that a working party should be set up with a member of the Executive Committee as Chair, to explore the issues and to bring a proposal to the 2002 General Assembly, and that the General Secretary should approach ICSU to explore what steps would need to be taken if a name change was decided upon. The motion was accepted with 35 in favour and 7 against.

2. Increase of numbers of Executive Committee. The President explained that the current number of 6 ordinary members of the Executive Committee plus the three office-bearers often resulted in insufficient representation if some members were absent. The General Assembly approved the motion that the number of ordinary members be increased to 8, with four to be elected at each ordinary General Assembly for an eight-year mandate. It was agreed that five are to be elected at this General Assembly, with the fifth to serve for 4 years only.

3. Addition of ICEM representative to the Executive Committee. The proposal was accepted that the non-voting position of ICEM member be created on the Executive Committee, to be nominated by the member organisation which is to host the next ICEM, and to hold office from the lst January following the General Assembly at which the venue or the ICEM meeting is made until 1st January following the General Assembly which takes place at the ICEM for which their member is responsible.

4. Requirement for those nominated for office to indicate acceptance in writing in advance. The General Assembly accepted this proposal.

5. Changes to time schedules. The General Assembly accepted the proposal to alter the timetable in Appendix 1 of the By-laws for application for (i) new membership, (ii) proposals for the agenda, and (iii) change of group from 10 months to 3 months, to produce greater efficiency.

6. Associate Membership. The General Secretary explained the view of the Executive Committee that the Category "Associate Member" should be considered as an important category of membership, and that members in this category should not be required to apply for full membership within any specified time period. This proposal was accepted by the General Assembly.

7. A document "Agreement Between IFSEM or Regional Committees and the Organisers of Congresses" had been drawn up to establish the relationship between the organiser of Conferences and the Regional members and IFSEM. Following general discussion in which Professor Admon (Israel) raised the need to include a penalty for non-compliance, the document was accepted unanimously.

6. Membership

1. An application for regional membership from the Committee of Interamerican Societies for Electron Microscopy (CIASEM) had been received by the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee had reviewed the application, and recommended that it be accepted. The General Assembly accepted the recommendation unanimously and CIASEM is to be a Regional Member from 1 January 1999.

2. Several applications for new membership or change of membership had been received by the Executive Committee. It was noted that under the old Constitution, associate members had been required to seek full membership after 4 years, but that under the change made earlier at this General Assembly, this was no longer necessary. This particularly affected Latvia, which had indicated that it wished to remain as an Associate Member if this was possible. The Executive Committee had considered all the applications, and, after taking into account the number of members in each of the societies and their level of activity, presented its recommendations. After considering these recommendations, Professor Matienco (Moldova) argued that Moldova should be a full member. Professor Milat (Croatia) argued that Croatia should be a full member. Professor Williams (USA) (seconded by Professor Frank (Czechoslovakia)) moved that Croatia be considered for full membership. This was accepted 21 in favour and 2 against. With no other changes to the recommendations of the Executive, the recommendations were accepted unanimously by the General Assembly, effective from 1 January 1999, as follows:

Members (Group I ( 1 vote))
The Croatian Society for Electron Microscopy
The Microscopy Society (Singapore)
The Slovenian Society for Electron Microscopy
The Colombian Society for Electron Microscopy
The Turkish Electron Microscopy Society

Associate Members
Cuban Society for Electron Microscopy (new)
Electron Microscopy Section of the Republic of Moldova (affirmed)
Latvian Society of Electron Microscopy (affirmed)
Ecuadorian Electron Microscopy Society (new)
The Romanian Society for Electron Microscopy (affirmed)

Change of Group (to Group II (2 votes))
The Brazilian Society for Electron Microscopy
The Mexican Society for Electron Microscopy
The Spanish Society for Microscopy



3. A brief and late letter of application for membership had been received from The Egyptian Society for Electron Microscopy. The General Assembly agreed to accept the application if the necessary documents were received by the General Secretary before 3lst December 1998, and if, after reviewing the documents, the Executive Committee recommended the application for acceptance.

4. The General Secretary reported that, he had tried repeatedly to reestablish contact with the Bulgarian Society for EM. Because of lack of response, he recommended that it should be considered for cessation of membership. The General Assembly voted unanimously to exclude Bulgaria if it did not satisfactorily reestablish contact with the General Secretary before 31 December 1998.

7. Selection of Site for ICEM 15.
   The President reported that applications to host ICEM-15 had been received from the Canadian Society for Microscopy and the Microscopy Society of Southern Africa, and that the Executive Committee had reviewed both applications and considered both acceptable. The two applicants had made half hour presentations to an open forum earlier in the week. Mr Robin Cross (Southern Africa) and Dr P. Charest (Canada) made separate 5 minute presentations to the General Assembly. Both indicated that they were willing to sign the agreement with IFSEM previously approved, and both offered to set up Scholarship funds under IFSEM from the proceeds of the Conference.

During discussion, the representatives of MSA indicated their acceptance that their involvement in the Canadian bid was subject to the conditions laid down in the IFSEM agreement with Conference Organisers.

There was some discussion about the question of the merits and demerits of large conferences.

In reply to a question from Professor Rose, Southern Africa indicated the registration fees as being US$350 ($175 for students).

The General Assembly voted 34 to 17 in favour of the application from the Microscopy Society of Southern Africa.

8. Elections

President. The President advised that, since no nominations for President had been received by 3 months before the General Assembly, the Constitution required the Executive Committee to make recommendations. The Executive Committee had sought suggestions from all members, and from its own Committee members, and three had been received. Professor A Howie (proposed by Britain and France), Professor S Iijima (proposed by the MSA (USA)), and Professor R Fisher (proposed by a consortium of researchers from the USA, and supported by Mexico). The Executive Committee had reviewed the three proposals, and recommended all three for consideration by the General Assembly. Professor Maunsbach then gave a brief summary of the three candidates, and the General Assembly voted as follows:- Professor Howie (30 votes), Professor Fisher ( 13 votes), Professor Iijima (8 votes). Professor Howie was declared elected as President from 1 January 1999.

Ordinary Members The President advised that the Executive Committee had received 9 nominations for ordinary members of the Executive Committee. He pointed out that there were 5 vacancies. The Executive Committee had reviewed all of the applications, and recommended them all to the General Assembly. The election was held, with the following result -

Professors Carter (32 votes), Colliex (32), Egerton (27), Wisse (27), Lichte (27), Li (26), Hutchison (25), Cross (21), Riseurio (16). Professors Carter, Colliex, Egerton, Wisse and Lichte were declared elected, with Professor Wisse being appointed for 4 years (as a result of a draw of cards carried out in the General Assembly), and the others being appointed for 8 years, all commencing 1 January 1999.

9. Report on IFSEM Activities
   The President reported on the activities of the Executive. He advised that some had visited Cancun on 2 occasions to assist with planning for the ICEM-14. He commented on the successful publication of the IFSEM book "Growth of Electron Microscopy" edited by Professor Mulvey. The General Assembly expressed its thanks to Professor Mulvey by general applause, and instructed the General Secretary to write to Professor Mulvey expressing its gratitude. The President reported on the work of Professor Hawkes and Professor Wisse in producing the Proceedings of the Dublin meeting, and recovering from what had been a disastrous situation. The General Assembly expressed its gratitude by general applause, and directed the General Secretary to write to Professor Hawkes to express its gratitude. The President reported on the successful application of the IFSEM/MAS/MSA Scholarship fund set up by Professors R Fisher and D Johnson following ICEM-12. The President commented that 23 young scientists had scholarships from the fund for this Conference, but that the fund was now exhausted. Professor Yacaman advised that he intended to provide funds from ICEM-14 to continue the fund.

10. IFSEM Finances
1. The General Secretary's Financial Report The General Secretary had distributed copies of his financial report dated August 19 1998. He noted that the total IFSEM assets (held in Sydney in two accounts, one is A$ and one in US$) were US$ 47,145 which represents an increase in total IFSEM assets of US$ 8,340 over the 4 year period.



The President reported his approval of the General Secretary's financial report. The financial report had also been examined and accepted by the elected auditors, Professors A W Robards and R Gunter. The General Assembly had no further comments and approved the report.

2. Projections 1999-2002 & Annual Dues. The General Secretary presented his budget proposals for 1999-2002, which had been distributed to the Members and the Executive in advance. He proposed that the annual dues be increased by approximately 10% to balance the expected average annual expenses. The proposed annual dues were 1 vote US$110; 2 votes US$250; 3 votes US$450; 4 votes US$650. The General Assembly unanimously approved the General Secretary's budget proposals, and the new dues, effective from 1999.

11. Election of Two Auditors.
    The General Assembly thanked the two auditors Professors A W Robards and J C Gunter, and reelected them for the period 1999-2002.

12. European Congress 1996 (Dublin). The President referred to the fact that, despite promising to provide a report of the final budget of the Dublin meeting within 1 year of its close, the organisers had still not provided it. The General Assembly discussed this matter, and viewed it with great concern. It was noted, that the Irish Society for Microscopy was the body responsible for the meeting, and that it had a responsibility to pursue this matter vigorously. The General Assembly voted unanimously to have the President write to the President of the University College, Dublin, with a copy to the Society, asking him to use the authority of his office to have the budget provided to IFSEM.

13. Report on Forthcoming Meetings
1. EUREM 2000 - Dr Frank reported briefly on his progress in planning. The General Assembly reminded him of his obligation to meet the conditions set down in his signed contract with IFSEM & CESEM.
2. CAPSEM 2000 - Professor Ng reported on her progress in planning.

14. Reports from Member Societies
    Dr Gonzalez reported on the forthcoming Vth Interamerican Electron Microscopy Congress in Caracus (Venezuela) from 14-17 September 1999.

15. Any Other Business
    The General Secretary drew attention to the new IFSEM website (www.usyd.edu.au/su/emu/ifsem), which he commended to members. He asked members to send up to date information, and he undertook to incorporate advice of meetings as a reference.

16. Closing Remarks
    Professor Maunsbach, on behalf of the General Assembly, thanked Professor Yacaman for the successful organisation of ICEM-14. He then thanked Professors Robert Fisher and Elmar Zeitler, outgoing members of the Executive, for distinguished services for IFSEM, the General Secretary for the organisation of the General Assembly, and the participants for their constructive discussions, and he declared the meeting closed at 7.00pm.

Sydney, 5 September 1998

held in the lecture hall C of pavillion E of the Brno BVV Trade Fair Area, Brno, Czech Republic on Tuesday July 11th 2000, 16.30 - 19.30 hrs.

Members of the EMS Executive Board:
P. Hawkes (President), J.L. Carrascosa (Acting Vice-President), E. Wisse (Secretary), H. Gross (Treasurer), J.R. Günter, I Herrera Calvet, K. Kovacs, W.M.A. Hax (FEI)

Members of the IFSEM Executive Board:
A. Howie (President), A. Maunsbach (Past President), D.J.H. Cockayne (Secretary), A. Engel,

Societies represented (number of votes in brackets):
Austria (2): H.P. Karnthaler, Belgium (2): D. Schrijvers, D. Van Dyck, Bulgaria (1): -, Croatia (1): -, Czech Republic and Slovakia (2): L. Frank, P. Schauer, France (2): P. Hawkes, Germany (2): H. Rose, R. Reichelt, H. Kohl, J. Zweck, W. Probst (LEO), Greece (1): -, The Netherlands (2): L. Ginsel, Hungary (1): K. Kovacs, Ireland (1): -, Israel (2): R. Sperling, R. Coleman, E. Skutelsky, Italy (2): M. Vittori Antisari, L. Dini, Latvia (1): -, Poland (1): A. Czyrska-Filemonowicz, Portugal (1): -, Rumania (1): -, Russia (2): T. Sukhanova, Scandinavia (2): H. Hebert, Slovenia (1): M. Ceh, Spain (2): J.M. Carazo, J. Gonzalez Calvet, Switzerland (2): K. Pulfer, R. Guggenheim, Turkey (1): -, United Kingdom (2): J.L. Hutchison, Lynne Joyce, Yugoslavia (1): J. Vukovic.

Agenda of the meeting:

1. Confirmation of the agenda of this business meeting.
2. Confirmation of the representation and voting.
3. Minutes of the CESM business meeting, held during ICEM-14 in Cancun, Mexico on Thursday September 3, 1998.
4. Financial report and appointment of auditors.
5. Report on the organization of the EUREM XII meeting in Brno.
6. The Ernst Ruska Prize.
7. Venue of the next European Congress for Microscopy.
8. Proposal for the EMS constitution (distributed by email and available at the web site).
9. Election of a General Council and Executive Board.
10. New members.
11. Prospect on EMS activities.
12. Any further matter to be discussed.
13. Closing of the meeting.

The business meeting is chaired by P. Hawkes.

1. The agenda is accepted as proposed

2. The presence of representatives of 17 societies is recorded, 8 societies are not represented, the number of votes per society is approved.

3. The minutes of the CESM business meeting held during ICEM-14 in Cancun on September 3rd 1998, are approved without discussion.

4. The financial situation is described by the Treasurer. He reports that the amount of money received from the Secretary is still in the bank, a total of SF 2242 or Euro 1450.

5. A report on the Brno meeting was presented by L. Frank. He reports that 1984 pre-registrations had been received, that were effectively followed up by real registrations of 754 scientific participants, 35 accompanying persons and 220 exhibitors. During the congress, 303 new registrations were recorded. 163 participants belonged to the group of invited speakers, chairmen and invited guests, not paying the registration fee.

   • The International Scientific Advisory Board met about one year in advance in Bratislava and has played a crucial role in building the basic structure of the scientific program.
   • The local Organizing Committee has been assisted by an Exhibition Committee, a Proceedings Committee and a Programme Committee with divisions for Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, Instrumentation and Methodology.
   • In total, 18 biological sessions, 16 physical sessions and 17 sessions on instrumentation and methodology were organized. In addition, 8 keynote lectures, 6 tutorials, 3 workshops and 17 open labs were organized. In the sessions, which regularly consisted of two 40 min (invited) lectures, followed by four 15 min contributions, a total of 295 oral contributions were given.
   • The sessions were paralleled by poster presentations with a total number of 497. A large separate hall was reserved to display the posters, this hall was situated on a level between the exhibition (ground floor) and the lecture halls (third floor). The posters were on display for the whole week. Regrettably, several poster panels remained empty.
   • The total number of planned and registered scientific contributions (including keynote lectures and tutorials) was 806.
   • The list of participants, including email addresses, is available on the web site:
     < http://www.eurem2000.isibrno.cz >.
   • The exhibition consisted of 42 booths with a total surface of 810 m². A variety of new instruments and electron, optical and scanning probe microscopes and accessories were on display. The exhibition attracted numerous visitors. Industry offered several evening parties with food and drinks to the participants.
   • On Thursday evening a beautiful and much-appreciated concert (Dvorak, Stabat Mater by the Brno Philarmonic Orchestra and the Czech Philarmonic Chorus of Brno) was offered to the participants by the Organizing Committee in the Janacek Theatre.
   • The proceedings consist of three well-printed volumes that were available at the beginning of the congress, together with a CD Rom containing all contributions on one CD. The total number of papers is 806. A volume IV of the proceedings will be produced after the congress, and this booklet will contain the lectures of the Ernst Ruska Prize winners and late scientific contributions.
   • Although the financial situation was not yet clear, the organizers expect and hope to have no financial losses.
   • The chairman thanks the organizers of the congress for the excellent job they have done, which is followed by the enthusiastic applaus of the delegates.
   
   
   

6. The Ernst Ruska Prize is awarded every four years to a young electron microscopist at a European Congress for Microscopy. The Prize money is provided by Leo (Germany), FEI/Philips-Germany and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Elektronenmikroskopie. Two prizes of DM 5,000 each are awarded, one to a physicist, one to a (bio)medical candidate. Unexpected difficulties prevented the prize announcement from being made before January 2000. Nevertheless, nine candidates with very good dossiers were proposed. A jury of 10 colleagues, composed of members nominated by the Ernst Ruska Preis Förderverein and the Executive Board of EMS selected three candidates, one for the physics prize, whereas the (bio)medical prize was shared by two winners. The names of the winners are: Marian Mankos, Bettina Boettcher and Stephen Fuller. They gave plenary lectures at the opening session.
   There is general agreement that the next Ernst Ruska Prize should be announced at least two years in advance and that the prize should be announced in many European journals in the area of microscopy and also in periodicals of microscopy societies in Europe. The procedure laid down by the Ernst Ruska Preis Förderverein and the Executive Board of EMS should be exactly followed.

7. With regard to the next EMS congress in 2004, the chairman reports the receipt of a proposal by the Israel Society for Microscpy. He invites Ruth Sperling, chairman of the society to present the proposal to the delegates.

   • The proposal booklet (official bid) contains official invitation letters by the Israel Society for Microscopy, the Minister of Tourism, the Mayor of Jerusalem, the Minister of Science, culture and sport and the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
   • The very well-prepared offer contains details on the:
   • proposed Local Organizing Committee,
   • a description of the International Convention Center in Jerusalem with details of the facilities for lecture halls, posters and exhibition, in addition to the facilities offered by the nearby Crowne Plaza hotel,
   • a description on the computer services of the appointed Professional Congress Organizer (PCO), offering help in database management, abstract handling and internet connections,
   • a description of the assistance extended to young and East European scientists, i.e. free accommodation for 100 persons and waiving of the registration fee,
   • a description of sponsoring,
   • a time schedule with an opening session on Sunday afternoon and a closing session on Friday afternoon,
   • a detailed provisional budget of about Euro 800,000,
   • a description of the large capacity and pricing of hotels in Jerusalem in addition to a description of student accommodation,
   • a description of transport facilities, including a price list of air tickets from different destinations to Jerusalem,
   • and a plan to employ Kenes Organizers of Congresses to assist the Israel Society for Microscopy in organing this congress,
   • a proposed (pre)registration fee of Euro 320 for EMS-members and Euro 350 for non-members, students Euro 220, accompanying persons Euro150, late registration fee of Euro 400 for EMS-members and Euro 430 for non-members, Euro 250 for students.
   • a list of pre- and post-congress tours.
   The proposed date of June 27 to July 2nd 2004 elicits a discussion on clashes with semester activities (examination period) in some universities and leads to alternative proposals, one to start on July 18, the last one starting on August 22nd.
   The chairman proposes to vote for the proposal and the delegates unanimously support the proposal of the Israeli Society. With regard to the date, a second vote of 14 in favour decides to start the conference on August 22nd 2004.
   The chairman thanks R. Sperling for her efforts and those of the Israel Society for Microscopy.

8. The chairman introduces the final proposal to change the Constitution of the European Society for Microscopy, and proposes a point to point discussion on the different paragraphs of the proposal. These points include:

• the aims of the EMS,
• EMS basically consists of personal members, not of member societies (like CESEM)
• the quadrannual meetings,
• topical meetings or workshops,
• European extensions to regional (still multinational) meetings of societies for microscopy,
• the maintenance of a web site,
• the possibility to establishing an electronic journal,
• standardized printing of proceedings,
• the desirability of en-bloc membership of the members of national societies, which assist the EMS by collecting the annual fee,
• the financial planning, including a membership fee of 5 Euro, a contribution by every registered participant of an EMS meeting, and corporate membership,
• the structure of EMS including an Executive Board, a General Council and a General Assembly (as proposed by the German delegates),
• the relation to the EEC scientific and organizational funding system,
• the establishment of an office
• the spreading of EMS activities to different national societies, such as establishing an office in England (e.g. a secretary hosted by the RMS office), a printing center in France and a financial facility in Germany.
The discussion mainly concentrates on the payment of a yearly membership fee of Euro 5, which seems to be a large amount of money in the eyes of some societies. Other societies consider it to be quite impossible to ask that type of contribution from their members.
Another point is the support to be given to local organizers, the sharing of profits and losses by conference organizers, the involvement of professional congress organizers, etc.
The chairman asks the representatives whether they could support the general outline of the proposed constitutional draft and the audience unanimously approves of the proposal.
A working party consisting of P. Hawkes, J. Carrascosa, E. Wisse and H. Kohl will translate the proposal into a point by point legal document, which will be distributed as soon as possible.

9. Owing to the advanced hour of the meeting, the chairman proposes that the other points on the agenda should be dealt with by email contact with the delegates and secretaries of the European societies for microscopy within the shortest possible time, and closes the meeting.

14^th International Congress on Electron Microscopy
Cancun - Mexico, 31.srpna až 4. září 1998

Světové kongresy o elektronové mikroskopii mají téměř padesátiletou tradici. Jsou přehlídkou jak nejvýznamnějších výsledků ve vývoji elektronových mikroskopů a přídavných zařízení, tak v teorii a interpretaci zobrazení a vědeckých výsledků dosažených elektronovou mikroskopií. Poslední kongres v tomto století se konal poprvé v Latinské Americe, v tropickém pásmu na špici Yucatánského poloostrova ve městě Cancunu. Veškerá jednání probíhala současně ve dvou sousedních representativních budovách: Centro de Convenciones a Fiesta Americana Coral Beach Hotel. Obě leží v hotelové zoně, úzkém pásu rozkládajícím se mezi lagunou Nichupté a Karibským mořem.

Program kongresu se skládal z plenárních zasedání na témata obecného zájmu, společných pro všechny účastníky, a dále ústních presentací a posterů v jednotlivých sekcích. Zasedání probíhala od 8 do 14hod. a od 17 do 20hod., odpolední přestávku mohli účastníci využít k oddechu na krásné pláži hotelu. Tradičně byl rozdělen do tří hlavních oblastí: General Interest and Instrumentation, Material Sciences a Biology and Related Sciences. Jednotlivé oblasti byly dále děleny na 14 - 20 symposií. Celkem bylo presentováno 1682 příspěvků a jsou uveřejněny ve 4 dílech sborníku Electron Microscopy 1998. Blížící se 21. století ovlivnilo všechny přednášející z plenárních zasedání k rekapitulaci toho, čeho bylo dosaženo jak v technické konstrukci přístrojů, tak ve vědeckém bádání. Zdůraznili, že hned od svého vzniku koncem 30. let elektronový mikroskop významně ovlivňoval biologické vědy a vědy o materiálu a jeho role je dodnes v základním výzkumu nezastupitelná. Některé plenární přednášky se pokusily předpovědět vývoj v 21. století. Součástí kongresu byly i výukové kurzy (Tutorial courses) pro studenty a techniky, které měly napomoci většímu rozšíření elektronové mikroskopie zejména v Latinské Americe. Výstava přístrojové techniky tvoří vždy významnou část kongresu. Vystavovatelé pořádali tradičně praktická školení t.zv. Open Labs. Nevšední krásu mikrosvěta představila výstava fotografií Elektronová mikroskopie a umění. Panelová diskuse Women in Microscopy měla za cíl spojit ženy pracující ve vědě k odstranění stále ještě existující diskriminace.

Od posledního kongresu v Paříži se ukázalo, že vývoj elektronové optiky je v podstatě ukončen, zejména co se týče zvýšení rozlišovací schopnosti nad hranici 0.1nm. Současná technika se natolik přiblížila teoretickým možnostem, že další zvyšování rozlišení je nesmírně komplikované a nákladné. Proto se výrobci nyní snaží o co největší automatizaci ovládání elektronových mikroskopů, včetně všech centrovacích postupů, což by mělo vést k snadnější a méně kvalifikované obsluze a tím k jejich většímu využití. Integrovanou součástí mikroskopů zejména v materiálovém výzkumu se stávají zařízení pro mikroanalýzu jednak rentgenovou, jednak pomocí energetických ztrát elektronů (EELS). Z toho důvodu se značně rozšiřuje používání autoemisních elektronových trysek (FEG - field emission gun). Jako optimální ve fyzice a v materiálovém výzkumu se ukazuje používání mikroskopů s urychlovacím napětím 200 až 400 kV, mikroskopy s větším napětím se prakticky přestaly vyrábět. Jako perspektiva do 21. století byl nadhozen problém miniaturizace mikroskopů - v současné době je ohromný nepoměr mezi velikostí prohlíženého objemu a velikostí přístroje - a snížení jejich ceny. Zejména evropští účastníci se shodli na tom, že mikroskop nové generace Tecnai od firmy FEI (Philips), který měl na kongresu světovou premiéru, se bude těžko prodávat, i když je opravdu špičkový ve všech ohledech.

V poslední době dochází k masovému rozšíření EELS a energiové filtrace obrazu, u transmisního skanovacího mikroskopu se významně rozšířilo použití modu zobrazení v  elektronech difraktovaných do velkých úhlů závislých na atomovém čísle (Z - constrast), který umožňuje přímou interpretaci obrazu krystalové mřížky. Použitím autoemisní katody (FEG) se značně zlepšila přesnost analýzy a je možné analyzovat miniaturní objemy, např ve folii Cu na ploše 1.2nm² o tloušťce desítek nm lze zjistit 2 atomy Mn. Tato citlivost souvisí se zlepšením statistiky záznamu rtg signálu nebo signálu elektronových ztrát. V současné době může tato technika v mnoha případech poskytnout více informací než Augerovská spektroskopie.

Jako zajímavou novinku předvedli Japonci piezoelektrický ovladač vzorků, který se může použít pro deformaci a mechanické opracování vzorků v mikroskopu nebo spájení dotykem při současném pozorování s vysokým rozlišením.

V skanovací mikroskopii se od minulého kongresu podstatně rozšířily konstrukce mikroskopů zobrazujících při velmi nízkých napětích (100 až 1000V), které mají výhodu při pozorování nevodivých vzorků, protože nedochází k jejich nabíjení. Do této kategorie patří i nízkovoltový skanovací mikroskop používající katodové čočky pro zpomalení primárních elektronů a metoda zobrazení při kritických napětích, které jsou vyvíjeny Ústavem přístrojové techniky v Brně.

V oblasti zpracování získaných experimentálních výsledků nejsou ještě zdaleka vyčerpány všechny možnosti. CCD kamery na přímé snímání digitálního záznamu obrazu usnadňují počítačové zpracování. To se týká nejen obrazu, ale i elektronových difraktogramů. Interpretaci obrazu, lepšímu zpracování získaných informací, novým programům na vyhodnocování a simulaci obrazu byla věnována dvě symposia. Další dvě symposia byla věnována rozvoji elektronové difrakce, zejména dynamické a konvergentní (Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction - CBED) difrakce, difrakce ve velkých úhlech (Large Angle CBED - LACBED) a metodám elektronové krystalografie.

Z nově se rozvíjejících technik je třeba se zmínit o elektronové holografii, která by měla přispět k zlepšení rozlišení více než zdokonalování přístrojů. Detekce fází difraktovaných vln umožní studovat struktury (a např. viry) na úrovni dříve nedosažitelné. Zcela nově se začíná používat studium jemné struktury energiových ztrát (Energy Loss Near Edge Structure - ELNES a Extended Energy Loss Fine Structure - EXELFS), které mohou poskytnout informace o elektronové struktuře v mikroobjemech vzorků. V mnoha příspěvcích presentovaných na ICEM-14 se ukázalo, že zavedení energiových filtrů vyžaduje hlubší porozumění interakcím elektronů s hmotou a fyzice ztrát elektronů. Právě tyto techniky představují další vývojový stupeň elektronové mikroskopie, která od pozorování mřížkových poruch přes identifikaci atomové struktury pokročila až ke studiu elektronové struktury.

Symposia z oblasti materiálových věd je možné rozdělit do tří skupin: symposia s klasickou, novější a zcela novou tematikou. Ke klasickým symposiím přítomným již na řadě předchozích kongresů, patřily Kovy, transformace ve slitinách a intermetalické sloučeniny, Elektronová mikroskopie magnetických materiálů, Keramiky, komposity, tvrdé a ultra tvrdé materiály, Polymery a materiály citlivé na ozáření, Polovodiče a Elektronová mikroskopie v archeologii a umění. Kromě problémů základního a aplikovaného výzkumu jsou v nich řešeny i úkoly navazující přímo na výrobu. Jako příklad lze uvést příspěvek v němž bylo pomocí elektronové mikroskopie hledáno optimální tepelné zpracování slitin AlZnMg, které povede k podstatnému zvýšení pevnosti automobilových nárazníků. Mezi symposia s novější tématikou patřily Tenké vrstvy a vrstevnaté struktury, Malé částice, clustery a katalyzátory, Rozhraní, hranice mezi fázemi a hranice zrn, Amorfní, neuspořádané materiály a materiály s nesouměřitelnou strukturou, Nanokrystalické materiály. Praktické využití výsledků získaných elektronovou mikroskopií v těchto oborech je teprve v počátcích. Příspěvky týkající se studia na nejnovějších materiálech jako jsou Fulereny, tubulární struktury a materiály na bázi uhlíku a symposia o mezních oborech Biomateriály a Biomineralizace, Elektronová mikroskopie chemie v pevné fázi se týkaly v podstatě jen základního výzkumu.

Perspektivám uplatnění elektronové mikroskopie v 21. století byla věnována plenární přednáška C.J. Humphreyse z University v Cambridgi. Nejprve nastínil jaké budou asi úkoly vědy o materiálech. V oblasti konstrukčních materiálů nelze očekávat radikální změny. Bude třeba docílit vyšší pevnosti, lepší odolnosti vůči vysokým teplotám a vlivům prostředí. Naproti tomu v oblasti funkčních materiálů se patrně objeví zcela nové požadavky, které je velmi těžké předpovědět. Lze si například představit, že v r. 2050 budou již existovat optické počítače.

Pro řešení těchto úkolů bude třeba znát strukturu látek na atomové a elektronové úrovni. K jejímu zkoumání má elektronová mikroskopie - pojatá v nejširším smyslu - v současné době již vypracován celý soubor metod. Jen integrované uplatnění všech těchto metod umožní do základů porozumět dějům probíhajícím v materiálech. To vyžaduje rozsáhlou týmovou spolupráci. Elektronová mikroskopie je však stále ještě relativně málo využívána a bude nutno dosáhnout jejího celosvětového rozšíření mimo jiné i soustavnou propagací jejích výsledků v široké veřejnosti.

Z rozhodnutí Mezinárodního výboru společností pro elektronovou mikroskopii (IFSEM) se příští kongres v roce 2002 bude konat v Durbanu, v Jižní Africe.

Antonín Gemperle, Juliana Gemperlová, Tomáš Vystavěl
Fyzikální ústav AV ČR

STATUTES

A General

B Membership

C General Assembly and General Council

D Executive Board

E Finances

F Hosting the EMC

G Trade committee

STATUTES

I. NAME AND ADDRESS

I.1. The name of The Society is the European Microscopy Society (EMS), hereafter called "The Society".

I.2. The official address of The Society is at the office of the secretary of the Executive Board

I.3. The EMS serves as 'Regional Society' within the International Federation of Societies for Electron Microscopy, IFSEM.

II. AIMS OF THE SOCIETY

II.1. The aims of The Society are to promote the use and the quality of microscopy in all its aspects in Europe, with particular reference to developments in instrumentation and methodology and novel applications of all types of microscopy. Although light, electron and scanning-probe microscopy are expected to occupy a large place in the activities of The Society, no form of microscopy is excluded.

1. initiate and support the organisation of European Microscopy Congresses (EMC)

2. support the organisation of International Microscopy Congresses when they are held in Europe
3. initiate and support European extensions to multinational or regional conferences
4. initiate and support the organisation of topic-oriented, specialized workshops and symposia in cooperation with national societies for microscopy
5. initiate and support the establishment of national societies for microscopy in countries of Europe that lack such a structure
6. support the publication of an electronic journal, proceedings of conferences, a yearbook or other publications
7. initiate and support the formation of committees that work for the realization of specialized goals, such as the Trade Committee
8. cooperate with national societies and corporate members in awarding prizes to outstanding microscopists
9. promote microscopy in the broadest sence at the EEC Headquarters in Brussels in an attempt to make clear that microscopy has an important impact on the present society. EMS will also promote activities leading to acquisition of research grants in the field of microscopy
10. promote microscopy to the general public by stimulating communication with TV and radio stations, journals and other forms of public communication
11. promote the interaction of academia and industry to the welfare of microscopy in general
12. undertake any action supporting the aims of The Society.

II.3. EMS will leave the structure and individual character of the national societies for microscopy intact and inviolate.

III. MEMBERSHIP

III.1. The Society is composed of individual members and corporate members

III.2. Any microscopist, whether or not a member of a national society for microscopy in Europe, is eligible for membership of the European Microscopy Society. Any company producing and/or selling products used in the field of microscopy, can become a corporate member.

III.3. The EMS will encourage en-bloc membership of national societies for microscopy, whereby every member of the national society is a member of EMS.
In exceptional circumstances, a national society may cooperate with EMS by submitting only part of its membership for 'partial en-bloc membership.
National societies cooperate with EMS by collecting the annual en-bloc membership fee and by providing EMS with an electronic list of names and addresses of the en-bloc members.
En-bloc or partial en-bloc EMS membership is not restricted to one society per one country, but only one society per country can send (a) representative(s) to the General Council (see para. of VI.2 of this constitution.)

III.4. Individual membership is available to microscopists living in any country whose national society does not agree to collect and transmit the (partial) en-bloc membership fee.

III.5. Any individual or corporate member may withdraw from The Society, provided that obligations are fulfilled up-to-date. When membership is cancelled in accordance with the by-laws, all rights in connection with The Society are lost.
The EMS cannot accept the resignation of members whode national society has adopted en-bloc membership.

III.6. Communication between EMS and its members is principally performed by electronic mail or by publishing information on The Society's web site.

III.7. National societies for microscopy may freely include data provided by EMS in their newsletters or websites.

III.8. EMS will include links to the websites of national, regional and international societies for microscopy and corporate members in its own website.

IV. ADMINISTRATION

1. The General Assembly held during a European Microscopy Congress (EMC)
2. The General Council held during a EMC
3. The Executive Board and any other Committee that may be set up by it
4. The Trade Committee

IV.2. All contracts and agreements involving The Society shall be signed by the president and the secretary or, in the absence of these, the past or incoming president (in that order).

IV.3. In dealing with other organisations and civil and legal matters, the president shall be the official representative of The Society.

IV.4. The president has the right to assign a well-defined task to another member of the Executive Board. The president informs the other members of the Executive Board of such decisions.

V. GENERAL ASSEMBLY

V.1. The General Assembly is held during a European Microscopy Congress (EMC) or International Congress for Electron Microscopy when organized in Europe, and is composed of paid-up members of The Society. A General Assembly can only take place outside Europe when an EMC is held outside Europe.

V.2. The secretary of the Executive Board prepares the agenda for the General Assembly. The agenda is approved by the Executive Board before it is made available three months in advance of the General Assembly.

V.3. The president of the Executive Board serves as chairman of the General Assembly, or in his/her absence, the secretary or the past-president will serve.

V.4. All paid-up EMS members, including members of the Executive Board, have one vote in the General Assembly. (When technical developments allow voting by email, a new proposal will be formulated.)

V.5. No meeting of the General Assembly shall have the power to make valid decisions unless a quorum of 50 members are present. In case of an insufficient number of participants, the meeting is sojourned until the next 'annual' meeting.

V.6. Decisions of the General Assembly are taken by a simple majority of votes. In the event of an equal division of votes, the chairman shall make the final decision.

V.8. The General Assembly:

1. shall decide on the acceptability of the report of the president, describing the activities of the Executive Board, the committees and the EMS during the period between two EMC's.
2. shall decide on the acceptability of the report of the treasurer and the auditors, describing the handling of the finances of the EMS during the period between two EMC's.
3. shall elect two auditors for the next period between two EMC's.
4. shall approve or disapprove the budget for expenditure for the period to the next meeting of the General Assembly.
5. shall determine the annual fees for members and corporate members, as proposed by the Executive Board
6. has the power to change and amend the statutes, this requires a two thirds majority of the votes.
7. has the power to change and amend the by-laws with a simple majority of the votes.
8. shall decide by voting, which of the proposed candidates will become members of the Executive Board of The Society.
   

VI. GENERAL COUNCIL

VI.1. The General Council is held in conjunction with and directly following a General Assembly. The General Council is composed of i) representatives of national societies for microscopy in Europe, that have adopted (partial) en-bloc membership of EMS, ii) the members of the Executive Board, and iii) two representatives of the Trade Committee.

VI.2. National societies for microscopy that have adopted (partial) en-bloc membership of EMS and have less than 300 members will have one representative with one vote. Societies with a membership over 300 will have two representatives, each with one vote. Only one society per country can send representatives to the General Council. In the case two societies are active in one country, The Society with the largest EMS membership will send a representative(s) to the General Council.

VI.3. The secretary of the Executive Board prepares the agenda for the General Council. The agenda is made available three months before the date of the General Council.

VI.4. The president of the Executive Board serves as chairman of the General Council, or in his/her absence, the secretary or the past-president will serve.

VI.5. Representatives of national societies should be paid-up EMS members.

VI.6. No meeting of the General Council shall have the power to make valid decisions unless more than 50% of all societies that decided for (partial) en-bloc membership of EMS are represented. In case of insufficient participation, decisions are postponed until the next 'annual' meeting of the General Assembly.

VI.7. Decisions of the General Council are taken by simple majority (> 50%) of votes. In the event of an equal division of votes, the chairman shall make the final decision.

VI.8. The General Council:

1. shall decide on the venue of the next EMC. The decision is based on a vote, taken after a presentation and discussion of proposals made by a national society or societies for microscopy that engage themselves to host an EMC.
   Criteria for writing a proposal are given in the by-laws (Section F).
2. shall decide on the conditions of the agreement between the EMS and the organizers of the EMC, as formulated by the Executive Board.

VII. EXECUTIVE BOARD

1. a. president
2. b. past-president
3. c. incoming-president
4. d. secretary
5. e. treasurer
6. f. organizer of the next EMC
7. g. organizer of the last EMC
8. h. a representative of the Trade Committee
9. i. members
   

VII.2. Candidatures for the above functions are collected by the Executive Board and votes are cast by the General Assembly, the past president, the two organizers of the EMC and the trade representatives have no vote.

VII.3. Candidates may be proposed by the Executive Board, national societies, or a group of twenty EMS members on the basis of:

a curriculum vitae
their achievements in microscopy
their scientific field of interest
their potential of contributing to the aims of The Society
their country of origin

VII.4. Written proposals are to be received by the secretary three months prior to the date of elections.

VII.5. The Executive Board will make a balanced proposal from the list of candidates to become member of the next Executive Board, in such a way that the proposed candidates represent different countries in Europe and represent different disciplines in microscopy from the physical, life sciences and instrumentation areas. The complete list of all proposed candidates will be published two months before the General Assembly. All candidates are eligible by the General Assembly, but are subject to limiting rules in other paragraphs of this Constitution and By-Laws.

VII.6. No more than two members of the Executive Board shall come from the same country, nor shall any one person hold two offices simultaneously. President, secretary and treasurer should be residents of different countries.

VII.7. The Executive Board should not contain more than twelve members, regardless of their function.

VII.8. The Executive Board shall carry out the decisions of the General Assembly and the General Council. The President, Secretary and Treasurer have the right to represent the EMS in other organizations.

VII.9. During the periods between meetings of the General Assembly, the Executive Board shall have full power to carry on the business of The Society. If necessary it may make interim arrangements in addition to all matters described by the constitution.

VII.10. The Executive Board, in particular the president and the treasurer, shall report on their activities to the General Assembly.

VIII. FINANCES

VIII.1. The Executive Board, in particular the treasurer, shall be responsible to the General Assembly for all the financial affairs of The Society.

VIII.2. The amount of the annual fee for (partial) en-bloc members and individual members is determined in euro by the General Assembly for the period to the next meeting and is recorded in the by-laws.

VIII.3. Each EMS member shall pay his/her annual fee before the 1st of March of each year.

VIII.4. Microscopists who are members of several national societies for microscopy should only pay once a year to EMS. National societies involved in (partial) en-bloc membership should make a list available to the treasurer of EMS to enable him/her to check these memberships. In case of multiple membership, the EMS member only pays his duties in the country of residence.

1. the annual fee paid by each EMS member
2. each participant of an EMC
3. each participant of a European extension of a multinational meeting, not being a member of one of the organising societies
4. each participant of a European workshop or symposium
5. the annual fee paiyed by the corporate members
6. other means of income obtained by the Executive Board

VIII.6. The Executive Board shall prepare a budget, to be approved by the General Assembly, for the four-year period following the General Assembly.

VIII.7. The treasurer presents a detailed report at the General Assembly, describing the income and expenses of The Society. This report will be published on the web site of The Society, three months prior to the date of the General Assembly. The report and the financial documents will be checked by two independent auditors, members of EMS. Auditors are invited to check the budget and are provided with a detailed financial report and copies of bills paid by the Treasurer. Auditors are invited by the Executive Board and elected by the General Assembly for a period of not more than 8 years between two EMC's. The treasurer will be relieved from his/her financial responsibility after approval of his/her report by the General Assembly.

VIII.8. The finances of The Society shall be used to further the aims of The Society as expressed in this constitution. Such uses may include the payment of expenses incurred by officers in carrying out the business of The Society and the establishment of a permanent office with administrative personnel.

VIII.9. In case of difficulties with payment the Executive Board has the power to reduce financial contributions for a period of two years and to relax the related conditions of payment.

IX. DURATION OF THE SOCIETY

IX.1. The duration of The Society is not limited. The Society shall not be dissolved, except on a motion presented at the General Assembly. Such a motion shall be put to a vote of the General Assembly. At least two thirds of the votes shall be required for dissolution. In the event that a quorum is not present, or when two thirds of the number of votes is not realised, an email ballot should be organized. In such a ballot two thirds of the votes shall be required for dissolution.

IX.2. In the event of dissolution of The Society, the General Assembly shall appoint a special committee for the liquidation of the assets of The Society. The net assets shall be donated to one or more International organisations.

X. FINAL STATEMENT

X. 1. Amendments or changes to these statutes can only be made after a two thirds legal vote of the members of EMS at a General Assembly. The Executive Board or a group of 20 EMS members has the right to propose amendments or changes to the statutes at the General Assembly by a written proposal to be received by the secretary three months before the meeting.

BY-LAWS OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR MICROSCOPY

A. GENERAL

A.1. Amendment or change of the by-laws requires a majority (>50 %) of the votes at the General Assembly. The Executive Board or a group of 20 EMS members has the right to propose amendments to the by-laws at the General Assembly.

A.2. The present English text of the constitution and by-laws is the only authoritative text. Where disputes arise concerning the interpretation, the matter shall be decided by the General Assembly or, during the period between EMC, by the Executive Board. Such a ruling shall be reported to the General Assembly at its next meeting.

A.3. If the procedure for holding elections cannot be followed, owing to circumstances beyond the control of The Society, the Executive Board shall remain in office and the business of The Society shall be carried out until a new General Assembly can take place.

A.4. The official address of The Society is at the office of the Treasurer:
Prof. dr. L. Ginsel, Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

B. MEMBERSHIP

B.1. A microscopist wishing to join EMS can either become a member either through (partial) en-bloc membership of a national society for microscopy or by sending a written application for membership to the secretary. Application forms can be obtained from the secretary or are available on the web site of the EMS.

B.2. Without further notice, automatic renewal of the membership and the obligation to pay the membership fee is assumed, unless the member explicitly notifies the secretary of EMS in writing before the date of March 1st of the current year

B.3. Communication between the Executive Board and the membership will be performed by email and publication of data on the web site. Members requesting communication by surface (traditional) mail will be liable to pay the annual individual membership (see E3).

B.4. The General Assembly shall rule on the acceptability of any change in the nature of the EMS membership. The Executive Board shall examine any membership application and changes in the membership. It will convey to the General Assembly its recommendations. A two-thirds majority vote of the delegates present at the General Assembly is required for any changes in the conditions for membership of EMS.

B.5. A two-thirds majority of the votes at the General Assembly is necessary to terminate the membership of a member of EMS. A member to be considered for termination shall receive a written note from the secretary indicating the reason for the proposed termination. The note will be sent to the member at least three months prior to the General Assembly.
The member has to be given the opportunity to address the General Assembly. During the voting, the member concerned should leave the room.

B.6. Failure to pay the annual membership fee for two consecutive years automatically leads to the cancellation of any type of membership of the EMS. Members in arrears with their contribution are warned only once.

C. GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND GENERAL COUNCIL

C.1. The General Assembly should meet at least once a year, the General Council in every four years, in conjunction with an EMC.. The date, the place and the agenda of the meeting shall be announced by the secretary at least three months in advance by publication of the available data on the web site of The Society.

C.2. The agenda of the General Assembly and General Council shall be composed by the secretary and be approved by the Executive Board before publishing on the web site.

C.3. Any group of twenty EMS members may propose subjects for discussion at the meeting of the General Assembly. Such proposals shall reach the secretary at least three months before the meeting. A subject not placed on the agenda, can be discussed at the General Assembly, only if approved by at least half of the delegates with voting rights.

C.4. Corporate members (see section G) and national microscopy societies with (partial) en-bloc membership shall make known (in writing) to the secretary, not later than one day before the General Council meeting, the name(s) of their representatives.

C.5. Each national microscopy society shall be represented at the General Council meeting by its representatives. Each representative shall have only one vote.

C.6. The president of the Executive Board may invite observers, representing scientific bodies, organizations or individuals to attend a meeting of the General Assembly and General Council. Such invited guests may take part in the discussion but have no voting powers.

C.7. Minutes of meetings of the General Assembly and General Council shall be made by the secretary within three months of the adjournment of the meeting. The minutes shall be published on the web site and sent by email to the secretaries of societies for microscopy in Europe and officers of the Executive Board of IFSEM, the International Federation of Societies for Electron Microscopy.

C.8. After approval by the Executive Board and the General Assembly, two copies of the approved minutes shall be signed by the president and the secretary and shall be kept by the president and the secretary and handed over to their successors.

D. EXECUTIVE BOARD

D.1. The officers of the Executive Board are elected by the General Assembly. Those nominated for office must be in current membership of EMS.

D.2. At least 1 year before the meeting of the General Assembly, the president and members of the Executive Board will start preparing a list of possible candidates for the functions in the Executive Board that should be filled by election. The candidates must provide the material as mentioned in VII.4. of the statutes. The list of candidates should be made known to the membership at least three months before the meeting of the General Assembly.

D.3. The change of mandates takes place at the closing of the General Council.

D.4. The president of The Society shall first be elected as incoming-president for a period of four years. At the end of this mandate he/she is automatically candidate for the function of president but should be elected by the General Assembly in that function. At the conclusion of this mandate, he continues as past-president for another term of four years. The president is not eligible again for president.
The secretary and treasurer shall be elected for a period of four years and can be re-elected in their functions.
Membership of the Executive Board, irrespective of function, re-election, change of function, separate terms in office, should not exceed twelve years. The organizers of ECM and the past-president are excluded from this rule.
Members of the Executive Board should be re-elected at each General Assembly.

D.5. In the event of the resignation, death or disability of any member of the Executive Board, the remaining members of the Executive Board are entitled to re-distribute their functions to the best of their judgement. They have the right to fill positions by coopting new acting member(s) until the next General Assembly up to a total number of ten members.

1. President
2. Secretary
3. Treasurer
4. Members

D.7. Should there be more than two candidates for any function in the Executive Board, and should one candidate not receive a single majority of votes in the first ballot, a second ballot shall be held among the two candidates that collected most votes.
Voting shall be by secret ballot and two tellers shall be appointed by the General Assembly to conduct the ballot. (When future technical developments allow voting by email, a new proposal will be formulated.)

D.8. The president and secretary communicate their business regularly to other members of the Executive Board by email.

D.9. The Executive Board shall meet in advance of the General Assembly. The Executive Board may also meet at conferences with a European extension, or at international meetings organized by IFSEM. At a meeting of the Executive Board a single majority of the officers shall constitute a quorum. The agenda of an Executive Board meeting will be distributed by email to all members of the Executive Board, enabling the members to give their opinion on points on the agenda prior to the meeting. During the periods between meetings of the Executive Board, voting may take place by email. Decisions of the Executive Board shall be made by a simple majority. The president or the secretary may invite an individual to be present at the meeting of the Executive Board. Such an invited guest may take part in the discussion, but shall have no voting power.

D.10. Minutes of the meeting of the Executive Board shall be made by the secretary.

D.11. The president of The Society is the chairman of the General Assembly, the General Council and the Executive Board. He/she is an ex-officio member, with voting power on all committees of The Society. If unable to attend a particular meeting, he/she may appoint a deputy from amongst the members of the Executive Board.

D.12. The secretary is also secretary of the General Assembly, the General Council and the Executive Board. He/she is an ex-officio member with voting power on all committees of The Society. He/she is responsible for conducting the ordinary business of The Society, including the administration and for keeping its records. He/she shall also keep records of meetings of all the committees and other bodies of The Society.

D.13. Members of the Executive Board are expected to act primarily in the interest of the EMS and not as representatives of their national society.

E. FINANCES

E.1. After acceptance of the (partial) en-bloc membership by the Executive Board of EMS, the annual membership fee is due by March 1st of each year.National societies for microscopy that adopt (partial) en-bloc membership of EMS, collect the annual membership fee and transfer this money in one sum to the treasurer before 1st of April of each year.
Individual members pay an annual fee directly to the treasurer before April 1st of each year.

E.2. The fiscal year of The Society and all its committees shall be the calendar year.

1. the annual fee paid by each EMS member through (partial) en-bloc membership is 5 euro.
2. the annual fee paid by an individual EMS member is 25 euro.
3. the annual fee paid by the corporate members is 500 euro.
4. each registered participant of an EMC pays 10 euro to EMS.
5. each registered participant of a European extension of a multinational meeting pays 10 euro to EMS.
6. each registered participant of a European workshop or symposium pays 10 euro to EMS.

All annual contributions are due by March 1st of the fiscal year.
EMS members will pay a reduced registration fee for an EMC.

E.4. The treasurer of The Society is responsible for the financial transactions of The Society. He/she will warn any paying body of EMS which is in arrears with its fees that it will be deprived of its voting power and other rights and that it will be excluded from membership or representation in The Society on July 1st of the fiscal year.

E.5. The accounts of The Society shall be audited at the end of each four years before being presented to the General Assembly. For this purpose two auditors shall be elected by the General Assembly.

E.6. The Executive Board will examine written requests for (partial) en-bloc membership at a reduced rate by national microscopy societies from disadvantaged countries. Favourable decisions can be re-examined at two year intervals.

F. HOSTING THE EUROPEAN MICROSCOPY CONGRESS

F.1. A member organization intending to host and organise a European Microscopy Congress (EMC) shall present a written proposal to the secretary of the Executive Board at least three months before the General Assembly.

1. the city where the congress is proposed to take place
2. the exact dates, together with evidence that these will not clash with other microscopy or related meetings, organized by other organizations in that period of the year
3. a description of:
• the Congress location
• a description of the buildings and the number and size of the lecture halls
• the quality and specifications of audiovisual support
• the space available for the exhibition
• the price (in Euro) per square meter for exhibitors
• the space available for posters and their embedding in the scientific programme
• facilities for meals and refreshments during the congress
• the registration fee (in Euro) and what it will include
• the planning for the production of printed and/or digital proceedings
• the measures to encourage the participation of young and disadvantaged participants
• hotel and student accommodation, including prices (in Euro)
• details about the distances and transport between (hotel) accommodation, lecture halls, exhibition area and meal facilities
• the names, addresses and proposed functions of the main organizers
• a description of any external congress bureau to be hired to assist the organization
• letters of support and approval by local authorities and the national society for microscopy
• a short description of the main procedure to build up the scientific programme
• measures to secure the participation of well known, high quality speakers
• a preliminary outline of the budget

F.3. Although a EMC will not be organized to make a profit, any profits that do emerge will be shared between the EMS and the local organizers in proportions decided in advance.

F.4. To compensate for the fact that EMS cannot cover any losses or deficits in the organizing of an EMC, EMS will provide capital to local organizers, enabling them to commence their organization. This amount of money has to be returned as soon as registration fees or any other revenues are received by the local organizers.

F.5. Organizers of an EMC are required to sign an agreement, setting out the general principles and conditions to be adhered to. Such an agreement contains the following text:

Assignment of the Xth EUROPEAN CONGRESS ON MICROSCOPY to the X Society for Microscopy has been made after discussion and voting by the General Council of EMS at the EMC in place, date.

The approved proposal included specifications of scientific prospectus, facilities (lecture halls, exhibition space) costs and accommodation (hotels, student dormitories).

The assignment has been made with the understanding that the Congress is not profit-oriented. Profits should be used for the advancement of scientific goals after approval by EMS and IFSEM.

Since the Congress will be run under the auspices of EMS and IFSEM, the organizers agree to the following:

1. Within one year after assignment, the organizers of the Congress shall present for approval by EMS and IFSEM:
1. a list of members for an International Scientific Advisory Board, taking into account suggestions from European Societies for Microscopy,
2. an outline of the Congress, including scientific prospectus, facilities and costs.
2. Two years before the Congress the organizers shall present for approval by EMS and IFSEM:
1. a list of keynote speakers and chairpersons proposed in close collaboration with the scientific advisory board,
2. an updated budget, including eventual, motivated updates for fees (registration, exhibition).
3. EMS shall receive 10 Euro per registered participant.
4. Within one year after the Congress, the organizers shall provide EMS and IFSEM with a final, itemized accounting of the Congress.

place, date⁽²⁾
Signed by:
President of IFSEM
President of EMS
Secretary of EMS

F.6. All matters concerning the budget and the scientific content of the meeting will be settled jointly by the local organizing committee and the Executive Board of the EMS. The EMS will provide support and guidance to local organizers and in no sense supplant them or limit their action.

G. TRADE COMMITTEE

G.1. In order to give the industrial partners in microscopy a voice within the EMS, the corporate members of EMS are organized in a Trade Committee.

G.2. The Trade Committee serves to improve contacts between companies marketing microscopes and accessory products and EMS, with particular reference to the organization of EMC's and other meetings and activities within the EMS.

G.3. Companies interested in establishing and maintaining relations with EMS are invited to contact the secretary and, after approval of their application by the Executive Board, they will be offered corporate membership of EMS. Corporate members will pay an annual fee to EMS. The amount of this fee will be decided by the Executive Board and will be recorded in the by-laws. Corporate members of EMS will pay a reduce fee per square meter exhibition space. will receive a number of free registrations and a reduced fee for extra participants in a European Microscopy Congress.

G.4. The Trade Committee will define its own rules to optimize its activity. This activity includes the election of representatives towards the EMS. The Executive Board will receive a copy of the written text describing the structure and working of the Trade Committee.

G.5. The Trade Committee elects two representatives for the General Council, two representatives for the General Council and one representative acting as a member of the Executive Board. These representatives have full voting rights.

Final statement:
The basic rules of this constitution have been approved by the Executive Board and the General Council of EMS after approval of the outlines of a constitutional plan at the business meetings in Cancun 1998 (ICEM-14) and Brno 2000 (EUREM-12).

¹File EMSconstitution.doc, first draft written by Eddie Wisse, July 20th, first revision (P. Hawkes and J Carrascosa) July 31st, first distribution August 2nd 2000, second revision January 5th, 2001, third revision February 19, 2001

² Earlier EUREM/EMC meetings took place in: Stockholm (1956), Delft (1960), Prague (1964), Rome (1968), Manchester (1972) Jerusalem (1976), The Hague (1980), Budapest (1984), York (1988), Granada (1992), Dublin (1996). Brno (2000)

R&D Team TESCAN s.r.o.
Libušina tř. 21
623 00 Brno, CZ
www.tescan.cz

Fig.1.

The column consists of conventional electron gun with tungsten heated cathode, electromagnetic electron beam centring system under the anode, couple of condensers with spray diaphragm, intermediate lens IML with its electromagnetic centring system, fixed aperture placed inside the intermediate lens above the objective lens with the scanning coils. The assembly unite of scanning coils is combined with octupole stigmator (see figure 1). This arrangement allows a great variability in the choice of different displaying and scanning modes.

Basically two methods of the condenser excitation control can be used - either Zoom Condenser or Optibeam.

The advantage of the Zoom Condenser is that the image remains practically focused even when changing the probe current over a wide range. The crossover under the second condenser stays in nearly the same position and in this way difficulties with alignment of the optical system, when changing the probe current, are prevented. The disadvantage of this system is, that the angular aperture of the incident beam (and as a result of this also the spot size i.e. lateral resolution), can be optimised only for one particular value of probe current - for any given (fixed) aperture diameter.

The Optibeam technique allows the optimum angular aperture of the incident beam (i.e. optimum lateral resolution of the microscope) for each chosen probe current. However some difficulties occur: a considerable change of the focus is necessary after each probe current change; the crossover under the second condenser is moved along the optical axis in a wide range and this requires additional alignment of the optical system. The algorithm for computing necessary corrections is quite complicated, can hardly embrace all remanences and irregularities occurred during manufacturing and assembly. With respect to the reasons mentioned above, the Optibeam method requires additional centring elements.

The inventive and unique spot size control system used in the new SEM overcomes the difficulties described above, yet integrates advantages of both systems and provides the addition of new features hitherto not available in conventional SEM's. It allows the electron optical system to be operated in various modes optimised for different demands:

RESOLUTION -	Fig.2. a working mode providing the optimum angular aperture of the incident electron beam for the highest resolution (see figure 2). In the RESOLUTION MODE the condensers are controlled as Zoom condenser, the intermediate lens is off and the final lens - objective - projects the focused electron beam onto the specimen surface with the minimised spot size for small probe current i.e. for the highest resolution. The final angular aperture is approximately optimal for short working distance (4 mm) at the full excitation of both condensers. The excitation ratio of scanning coils is adjusted so that the “pivot point” of the scanning and of the electric shift are close to the principal objective plane so that curvature of field, distortion and field of view are as good as possible. The algorithm involves naturally the correction of the excitation of all lenses and alignment coils when changing the accelerating voltage over the full range.
Two options can be chosen in the working mode RESOLUTION:
OPTISPOT -	original automated algorithm for optical system control which allows fast and reproducible set up of the maximum probe current for each selected spot size (i.e. resolution). It employs the same lenses and the excitation ratio of scanning coils as the standard RESOLUTION mode, the angular aperture of the incident beam is optimised for chosen spot size by means of computed excitation of both condensers.
OPTIMAG -	automated algorithm for optical system control which allows fast and reproducible set up of the optimal spot size for each selected magnification.
It is obvious that the position of the crossover under the second condenser is moved along the optical axis in a certain range in the OPTISPOT option mode. Thanks to full computer control the position of the crossover is being calculated at every parameters change and simultaneously the correction of a parasite movement in the perpendicular plane is made by means of the IML Centring coils. A computed spot size and the measured probe current are displayed on the computer screen all the time.
DEPTH -	Fig.3. the working mode for enhanced depth of focus (see figure 3). The depth of focus is in the reverse proportion to the angular aperture of the incident beam. In this mode the intermediate lens works effectively as an "aperture changer“ - its excitation changes will influence the beam so that the angular aperture of the incident beam can be set considerably lower than optimum. It means that the microscope does not work with the ultimate resolution, however in the range of lower and middle magnification the difference in resolution can not be seen. On the other hand the difference in acquired depth of focus is clearly remarkable even at short working distances and often very useful, especially when investigating specimens with high topography.
FIELD -	Fig.4. the working mode with enhanced working field (see figure 4) The electron beam is focused on the specimen surface by means of the intermediate lens IML while the objective is off. The final angular aperture of the incident beam is very small and the depth of focus is so big that the image is focused practically in all accessible positions of the specimen stage. As objective lens is off in this case, it does not affect the beam and this can pass the objective plain without the restriction to the paraxial area. The position of the scanning pivot point is optimised in order to reach the maximum field of view. The field of view is limited by the bore of the objective pole piece and is substantially larger than in resolution or depth modes. The centring coils IML Centring are to be excited so that the image is not shifted during the focusing. The DC component of the scanning coils current is set up so that no shift of the displayed place occurs switching from the mode RESOLUTION to the mode FIELD. The disadvantage of this mode is a big spot size - the maximum magnification to be used is some thousands. The mode is used for searching for the part of the specimen to be investigated. Also the scanning with perpendicular beam can be easily obtained, which is sometimes useful for lithographic applications.
FISH EYE -	Fig.5. the working mode with extremely large field of view and depth of focus (see figure 5) The objective lens works with the maximum excitation. Since the excitation ratio of the scanning coils is set similar to the working mode FIELD i.e. the beam utilises the whole area of the objective bore, the focusing effect of the objective lens causes the deflection of non-axial electrons. In this way a high deflection angle can be obtained when the electron beam is moved by scanning coils far from the objective optical axis. In consequence an extra large field of view can be reached. Since the objective lens is excited to the maximum now, the intermediate lens is used for focusing the electron beam onto the specimen surface. The angular aperture of the incident beam is very low, so an exceptionally high depth of focus is maintained - practically over whole range of working distances. The coils IML Centring serve for minimising the image shift when focusing. The DC component of the scanning coils current is set up so that the fields of view are concentric when switching-over the working modes. The disadvantages of this mode are big distortion, big spot size and the fact, that any magnification valid for the whole image can not be defined in this mode. The mode is used for searching for the part of the specimen to be investigated.

The full computer control of the optical system allows the easy and fast switching from one working mode to another with stored pre-set working conditions. In combination with automated procedures for gun alignment, focusing and astigmatism correction provides the user with an unusual comfort and results reproducibility of the operations. The above described column is commercially used in the new TECSAN Scanning Electron Microscope VEGA TS 5130.

Meetings in 2001

• FOM 2001 Focus On Microscopy
  April 1-4, 2001, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  Contact: Mrs. M.P.A. Beunk-Timmers
  Nicolaes Tulp Institute
  P.O. Box 23213
  1100 DS Amsterdam
  The Netherlands
  Phone: +31-20-5668585
  Fax: +31-20-6963228
  E-mail: info@FocusOnMicroscopy.org

• ECMM'01 European Cells & Materials Meeting
  June 25-28, 2001, Congress Center, Davos, Switzerland
  Contact: Dr Geoff Richards, Head of Interface Biology Group
  AO ASIF Research Institute, Clavadelerstrasse
  CH-7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
  Phone: +41 414 23 97
  Fax: +41 414 28 88
  E-mail: geoff.richards@ao-asif.ch

• Microscopy & Microanalysis-2001 Microscopy Society of America
  Aug. 5-9, 2001, Long Beach Ca., USA
  Contact: MSA Meeting Managers
  7000 West Southwest Highway
  Chicago Ridge, IL 60415, USA
  Email: MSAMeetingManager@MSA.Microscopy.Com

• V. MCEM FIFTH MULTINATIONAL CONGRESS ON ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
  September 20-25, 2001, Lecce, Italy
  Contact: Laboratory of Comparative Anatomy and Cytology
  Dept. of Biology
  University of Lecce
  Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
  Phone: ++39 0832 320657 (855)
  Fax: ++39 0832 320654
  E-mail: mcem5@ime.le.cnr.it

This page was prepared by Petr Schauer, ISI ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic updated on February 22, 2001

(transfer to the CSEM home page)